Understanding Prevention for HIV Positive Gay Men Innovative Approaches in Addressing the AIDS Epidemic 1st Edition by Leo Wilton 1441902030 9781441902030

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ISBN-10 :  1441902030 

ISBN-13 :  9781441902030

Author:   Leo Wilton 

This innovative collection offers a wide-ranging palette of psychological, public health, and sociopolitical approaches toward addressing the multi-level prevention needs of gay men living with HIV and AIDS. This book advances our understanding of comprehensive health care, risk and preventive behaviors, sources of mental distress and resilience, treatment adherence, and the experiences of gay men’s communities such as communities of color, youth, faith communities, and the house ball community. Interventions span biomedical, behavioral, structural, and technological approaches toward critical goals, including bolstering the immune system, promoting safer sexual practices, reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and eliminating barriers to care. The emphasis throughout these diverse chapters is on evidence-based, client-centered practice, coordination of care, and inclusive, culturally responsive services. Included in the coverage: Comprehensive primary health care for HIV positive gay men From pathology to resiliency: understanding the mental health of HIV positive gay men Emerging and innovative prevention strategies for HIV positive gay men Understanding the developmental and psychosocial needs of HIV positive gay adolescent males Social networks of HIV positive gay men: their role and importance in HIV prevention HIV positive gay men, health care, legal rights, and policy issues   Understanding Prevention for HIV Positive Gay Men will interest academics, researchers, prevention experts, practitioners, and policymakers in public health. It will also be important to research organizations, nonprofit organizations, and clinical agencies, as well as graduate programs related to public health, consultation, and advocacy.

Understanding Prevention for HIV Positive Gay Men Innovative Approaches in Addressing the AIDS Epidemic 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Contexts
Chapter 1: Assessing the Diverse Factors that Influence the Behaviors and Experiences of Gay Men
Introduction
Socio-historical Contexts of the HIV Epidemic in the United States
Impact of HIV in the USA and Among MSM
Sexual Risk Behaviors of HIV-Infected MSM in the USA
Psychosocial Issues Associated with Transmission Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Infected MSM
Interventions to Decrease HIV Transmission Behaviors Among HIV-Infected MSM
Antiretroviral Therapy Access and Adherence Among HIV-­Infected MSM
Combining Biomedical with Behavioral and Structural Interventions
Identifying, Linking, and Retaining HIV-Infected MSM in Care
Policy and Structural Approaches to HIV Prevention and Care for HIV-Infected MSM
Health Reform and Prevention for HIV-Infected MSM
Recommendations and Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Comprehensive Primary Health Care for HIV Positive Gay Men
The Comprehensive Primary Health Care Approach
Principles of Comprehensive Primary Health Care
Evidence-Base for Comprehensive Primary Health Care
Social Determinants of Health
Social Inequities and HIV Outcomes
Inequitable Distribution in HIV Care
Inequities in HIV Outcomes and Care Quality Indicators
Applying the Comprehensive Primary Health Care Approach: Health Care Provider Capacity Development
Demonstration of HIV Clinical Excellence
Multicultural Competencies
Life Stage-Specific Needs
Adolescents
Older Adults
Accessibility and Equity
Community Participation
Health Program Integration
Developing a Client-Centered Treatment Plan
Intersectoral Collaboration
Health and Social Service Sectors
Human Rights Sector
Appropriate use of Technology
Advances in ART
Sexual Health
Mental Health
E-Technology
Directions for Future Research
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: From Pathology to Resiliency: Understanding the Mental Health of HIV Positive Gay Men
Introduction
Mental Health for Gay Men and HIV Positive Gay Men
Minority Stress Theory
Mental Health for Gay Men
Mental Health for HIV Positive Gay Men
Psychological Distress and Resiliency Among HIV Positive Gay Men
Theory of Syndemic Production
Sources of Psychological Distress
Internalized Homonegativity
Substance Use
HIV-Related Stigma
Sources of Resiliency
Health, Policy, and Research
Emerging Biomedical Interventions
Integrating Social Dimensions of Health with Medical Advances
Role of the Affordable Care Act in Linking HIV Positive Gay Men to Healthcare
Maintaining and Sustaining Funding Mechanisms
Enhancing Resilience of HIV Positive Gay Men
Integration of Mental Health and Substance Use
System Approaches to Prevention, Care, and Treatment
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: HIV Positive Gay Men, MSM, and Substance Use: Perspectives on HIV Prevention
Case Example: Mark
Introduction
Epidemiology of HIV in MSM and the Influence of Substance Use
HIV Prevention Among MSM Who Inject Drugs
Combination Prevention Approaches to Reduce HIV Transmissions: A Strategy for Substance Using MS
HIV Positive Substance Users Have Reduced Access to ART
The Importance of Ensuring Access to Antiretroviral Therapies for HIV Positive Substance Users
Biomedical HIV Prevention in HIV Negative MSM: PrEP
Behavioral Interventions for HIV Positive Substance Using MSM
Methamphetamine Dependent MSM
General Health Interventions
Techniques with Promise for New Interventions: HIV Positive MSM Who Use Substances
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Childhood Sexual Abuse and Revictimization Among Gay Men: Implications for Those Who Ar
Framing Risk Factors for HIV
Child Sexual Abuse as a Risk Factor for HIV
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse
Variability in CSA Prevalence Rates and Its Implications
CSA Among Gay Men
CSA Among Gay Men of Color
The Sequelae of CSA
CSA and Sexual Health
CSA and Mental Health
CSA and Physical Health
Coping Strategies
Adult Sexual Abuse (ASA) Among Gay Men
Intimate Partner Relationships Among Gay Men with CSA
Revictimization Among Gay Men of Color
Sexual Abuse, Masculinity, Gender Roles, and Sexual Identity Development
Men as Victims and Social Norms
Implications of Sexual Trauma Histories: Developing Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions
References
Part II: Prevention
Chapter 6: Comprehensive Prevention with HIV Positive Gay Men
Setting a Historical Context: Toward Comprehensive HIV Prevention
Touchstones for Prevention with HIV Positive Gay Men: Combination Prevention and Sexual Health
A Comprehensive Prevention Package with HIV Positive Gay Men
Identifying HIV Infections and Strengthening the HIV Care Continuum
HIV Testing and Diagnosis
Engagement and Retention in HIV Care
ART Initiation and Adherence
Addressing Individual Risk Reduction, STIs, and Comorbidities
Partner-Related Strategies
Community Empowerment Approaches and Addressing Social, Structural, and Legal/Policy Determinants
Moving Forward: Building the Prevention Table
Developing Novel Strategies to Advance Prevention Goals
Implementation Research to Improve Access and Effectiveness of Current Prevention Strategies
Research on Social, Structural, and Policy Factors
References
Chapter 7: HIV-Infected Gay Men and Adherence to HIV Antiretroviral Therapies
Epidemiology of ART Adherence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other MSM in the US
Adherence Measurement
Subjective Measures
Pharmacologic Measures
Physiological Measures
Factors Affecting ART Adherence
Patient-Level Characteristics
Demographic Factors
Treatment and Disease Factors
HIV Treatment Beliefs
Mental Health
Substance use
Interpersonal Characteristics
Patient-Provider Relationship
Caregiver Relationship
Environmental/Structural-Level Characteristics
Access to HIV Medical Care
Interventions to Improve ART Adherence
ART as Prevention
Future Considerations
References
Chapter 8: Emerging and Innovative Prevention Strategies for HIV Positive Gay Men
Background
Prevention Strategies: The Extant Literature
Behavioral
Biomedical
Structural and Public Health
Contextual and Core Issues Related to Emerging and Innovative Prevention Strategies
Minority Stress and Syndemic Comorbidities
Marriage Equality
Healthcare Reform
Epidemic Shift
Aging
Technology
Spirituality
Emerging and Innovative Prevention Strategies
Network-Based
Family-Based Interventions
Disclosure Interventions
Community Mobilization
Biomedical
References
Part III: Communities
Chapter 9: Working with Asian American/Pacific Islander Gay Men Living with HIV/AIDS: Promoting Ef
Introduction
Who Are Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders?
Asian Americans and Gender Roles
Asian Americans and Sexual Orientation Identity
Current Findings of AAPI Gay Men Living with HIV/AIDS
Stigma, Discrimination, and Cultural Factors for AAPI Gay Men Living with HIV/AIDS
A Critical Response: HIV/AIDS Intervention Strategies and AAPIs
Psychological Approaches for Working with AAPI Gay Men Living with HIV/AIDS
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: An Evolving Epidemic for African American and Latino HIV Positive Gay Men: Understandi
Introduction
African American and Latino HIV Positive Gay Men and Prevention and Care
African American and Latino Gay Men and HIV-Related Health Care Delivery
The Role of Health Insurance
Contextualizing Sex in African American and Latino Communities: The Role of Sexual Contexts and
Experiences of Violence in the Context of HIV Prevention for African American and Latino Comm
The Role of Immigration on African American and Latino HIV Positive Gay Men
Psychosocial Support Needs for African American and Latino HIV Positive Gay Men
Theoretical Approaches in Prevention and Care for African American and Latino HIV Positive Gay
Sociocultural Factors in Relation to Mental Health for MSM of Color
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Understanding the Developmental and Psychosocial Needs of HIV Positive Gay Adolescent
Shifting Demographics Within the Context of HIV
The National HIV/AIDS Strategy
Adolescent Development
LGBT Sexualities and HIV: Multiple Stigmas and Challenges
Stigma and Discrimination Based on Sexual Minority Status
HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination
Navigating Romantic Relationship, Family Dynamics, and Academic Success
Romantic Relationships
Family and Peer Dynamics: Sexuality Disclosure
Family and Peer Dynamics: HIV Disclosure
Academic Policy and School Success
Mental Health Concerns
Substance Use
Sexual Risk
Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors
Implications for Treatment and Intervention
Addressing Developmental Factors Associated with Change
Access to Health Care and HIV Treatment
Positive Coping
References
Chapter 12: HIV Within the House Ball Community and the Promise of Community-Based Social Struct
Introduction
HIV Prevalence and Cofactors Driving the Epidemic in the House Ball Community
The House Ball Community: Gender System
The House Ball Community: House Structure and Ball Events
Avenues for Intervention
Prevention Houses
Prevention Balls
Research Priorities with the House Ball Community
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Religiousness, Spirituality, and Well-Being Among HIV Positive Gay Men
Introduction
Defining Religiousness and Spirituality
Religiousness, Spirituality, and Well-Being Among PLWHA
HIV Diagnosis and Quality of Life
Depressive Symptoms
Treatment Adherence
HIV Disease Progression
Sexuality and Religion
Role of Church in HIV Prevention Efforts
Conclusions
Limitations and Future Directions
References
Part IV: Structural Contexts
Chapter 14: Addressing Social Determinants of Health Among HIV Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men
Introduction
Why Social Determinants of Health?
Structural Barriers to Health Among MSM
Stigma
Housing
Neighborhood Composition
Incarceration
HIV Care
Low Socioeconomic Status
Federal and Local Efforts to Address Structural Barriers
Increasing Access to Care and Preventive Services
Increasing Awareness and Access to Testing
HIV Criminalization
Same-Sex Marriage
Shifting the Paradigm
References
Chapter 15: Social Networks of HIV Positive Gay Men: Their Role and Importance in HIV Prevention
Introduction
Social Network Structure
Social Network Function
Support
Accessing HIV-Related Care
Disclosure
Disclosure of MSM Behavior
Social Norms
Types of Social Networks to Consider
Older HIV Positive Gay Men
HIV Positive MSM of Color
Social Network-Oriented Interventions for HIV Positive Gay Men
Future Research Agenda
References
Chapter 16: “Poz” in the Age of Technology: Technology, Sex, and Interventions to Reduce Ri
Introduction
Early Research on Online Sex Seeking
Methodological Considerations of Technology-Based Research
Reasons for Seeking Sexual Partners Online
Online Sex Seeking and Risk Behavior
Contextual Issues Affecting Online Sex Seeking and HIV Transmission
Internet Use Among MSM of Color and Sexual Risk Taking
HIV Positive Perspectives on Technology-Based HIV Resources
Technology-Based HIV Prevention Strategies: Promising Evidence and Clear Gaps
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Chapter 17: HIV Positive Gay Men, Health Care, Legal Rights, and Policy Issues
Introduction
Health Issues Affecting Gay Men Living with HIV
Health Disparities and Intersectional Identities
HIV-Related Comorbidities
Other STIs (Syphilis, HPV, MRSA)
Mental Health and Substance Use
Resiliency Factors
School-Based Interventions
Family Acceptance of Gay and Bisexual Identities
Resiliency in Community Connectedness
The Life-Course Framework
Prejudice, Stigma, and Minority Stress
Social Determinants of HIV Positive Gay Men’s Health
Aging and Caregiving Issues
Social Support and Social Isolation
Caring for Older Adults with HIV/AIDS
HIV-Related Health Issues
Treatment as Prevention (TasP) and the Need for Better Treatment Outcomes
Serodiscordant Couples, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis, and Rectal Microbicides
Rectal Microbicides
Serosorting
HIV Prevention Using Social Media, the Internet, and Commercial Sex Venues
Legal Issues Affecting Gay Men Living with HIV

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