Unity 2020 Virtual Reality Projects Learn VR development by building immersive applications and games with Unity 2019 4 and later versions Third Edition Jonathan Linowes

Unity 2020 Virtual Reality Projects Third Edition

Dedication

About Packt

Why subscribe?

Contributors

About the author

About the reviewer

Packt is searching for authors like you

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files

Conventions used

Get in touch

Reviews

Virtually Everything for Everyone

What is virtual reality?

Differences between virtual reality and augmented reality

Applications versus games

Types of VR experience

Types of HMD

Desktop VR

Mobile VR

How virtual reality works

Stereoscopic 3D viewing

Head, hand, and body tracking

Technical skills that are important to VR

What this book covers

Who this book is for

Summary

Understanding Unity, Content, and Scale

Technical requirements

Installing Unity

Development system requirements

Installing Unity Hub

Installing the Unity Editor

Creating a new Unity project

Installing additional packages and assets

Getting started with Unity

Exploring the Unity Editor

Understanding the default new scene

Using grid and snap

A couple more options

Creating a simple diorama

Adding a cube and a plane

Adding a red ball

Changing the scene view

Making a Crate Material

Adding a photo

Using prefabs

Creating and instantiating a prefab

Editing and overriding a prefab

Importing content

Creating 3D content for VR

Importing from the Unity Asset Store

Using Unity Legacy Standard Assets

Importing models in supported formats

Round-trip geometry workflows

Summary

Setting Up Your Project for VR

Technical requirements

Introducing the Unity XR platform

Choosing your target VR platforms and toolkits

Enabling virtual reality for your platform

Setting your target platform

Installing XR Plugin Management

Installing the XR Interaction Toolkit

Adding the XR camera rig

Exploring the XR Rig objects and components

Building and running your project

Configuring the player settings

Building, running, and testing your VR project

Building for SteamVR

Setting up for OpenVR

Installing the SteamVR Unity Plugin toolkit

Building for Oculus Rift

Setting up for Oculus desktop

Installing the Oculus Integration toolkit

Building for Immersive Windows MR

Setting up for Immersive WMR

Installing Visual Studio workloads

Installing the Mixed Reality Toolkit (MRTK)

Building for Oculus Quest

Installing the Android tools

Setting up for Oculus mobile VR

Other Android and optimization settings

Installing the Oculus Integration toolkit

Using adb

Building for Google Cardboard

Setting up for Google Cardboard

Targeting Android for Cardboard

Targeting iOS for Cardboard

Summary

Using Gaze-Based Control

Technical requirements

Adding Ethan, the walker

Artificially intelligent Ethan

The NavMesh bakery

Scripting a random walk target

“Zombie-izing” Ethan!

Adding a zombie material

Painting models with Polybrush

Going where I’m looking

The LookMoveTo script

Adding a feedback cursor object

Observing through obstacles

Making a look-to-kill system

The KillTarget script

Adding particle effects

Introducing Unity C# programming

Summary

Interacting with Your Hands

Technical requirements

Setting up the scene

Defining a balloon game object

Making the balloon prefab

Creating a Balloon Controller

Using an Input Manager button

Polling the XRI_Right_Trigger button

Controlling balloons with the input trigger

Creating balloons

Releasing balloons

Inflating a balloon while pressing the trigger

Using Unity events for input

Invoking our input action events

Subscribing to input events

Tracking your hands

Parenting the balloon to your hand

Forcing balloons to float upright

Interacting with a balloon gun

Introducing the XRI Interactor/Interactable architecture

Creating a grabbable balloon gun

Handling Activate events

Using the XR Interaction Debugger

Popping balloons

Making the balloons poppable

Adding a popping explosion

Disabling rigid physics while in hand

Throwing a ball projectile

Resetting the ball position

Summary

Canvasing the World Space UI

Technical requirements

Studying VR design principles

Making a reusable default canvas

Creating a default canvas prefab

Initializing the default main camera

Including an Event System component with XRUI Input Module

Implementing a HUD

Creating a visor HUD

The windshield HUD

Hiding the panel using Canvas Group

The in-game world space UI

Making a scoreboard

Using TextMesh Pro

Info bubbles

The reticle cursor

Adding a canvas reticle to gaze-based interaction

Adding a reticle to the XR interactor hand controller

Adding a gaze-based reticle using XRI

Building an interactive dashboard

Adding a dynamic water hose

Creating a dashboard with a toggle button

Stopping the ray interactor at the canvas

Direct interaction with UI elements

Building a wrist-based menu palette

Summary

Teleporting, Locomotion, and Comfort

Technical requirements

Implementing basic glide locomotion

Moving forward with the thumbstick

Rotating with the thumbstick

Moving in the direction you’re looking or pointing

Avoiding obstacles

Climbing a wall

Building a wall with grab holds

Adding the XRI Interactor and Interactable components

Adding a ClimbController script

Adding the GrabPull script and actions

Falling

Using the XRI Locomotion System

Understanding the Locomotion System

Turning in a snap

Integrating scripts with Locomotion System

Teleporting between locations

Installing the XRI examples

Adding teleportation

Restricting interaction to a specific layer

Ray interactors for teleportation

Switching between Interactors

Locomotion and comfort in VR

Other locomotion mechanics

Managing VR motion sickness

Summary

Lighting, Rendering, Realism

Technical requirements

Lighting and rendering strategies

Choosing a Render Pipeline

Choosing Lighting Settings and GameObjects

Setting up our demo scene

Using the SampleScene

Disabling baked lighting

Creating a menu panel

Using environment lighting

Environment lighting source

Adding Environment Light Intensity

Adding a Fog effect

Using PBR materials and URP Shaders

Using Light objects and Emission surfaces

Using Light Probes and Reflection Probes

Enhancing your scenes with post-processing effects

Summary

Playing with Physics and Fire

Technical requirements

Understanding Unity physics

Creating bouncy balls

Managing the GameObject life cycle

Removing fallen objects

Setting a limited lifetime

Implementing an object pool

Building a headshot game

Serving a ball

Adding sound effects

Hitting the target

Building a Paddleball game

Creating a hand paddle

Building a shooter ball game

Making a shooter wall

Shooting balls toward the player

Improving the ball

Juicing the scene

Great balls of fire

Skull environment

Audio synchronization

Summary

Exploring Interactive Spaces

Technical requirements

Using ProBuilder and ProGrids

Using the ProGrids editor interface

Using the ProBuilder editor interface

Constructing the art gallery building

Using a floor plan sketch

Creating the floor

Creating the walls

Making holes for entrances

Creating a roof and skylight

Assembling the scene

Replacing the building materials

Tuning the lighting

Creating the artwork rig

Defining an artwork rig

Adding a spotlight

The exhibition plan

Adding pictures to the gallery

Managing art info data

Using lists

Using data structures

Using scriptable objects

Displaying the art info

Adjusting for image aspect ratio

Teleporting around the gallery

Room-scale considerations

Summary

Using All 360 Degrees

Technical requirements

Exploring 360-degree media

Understanding equirectangular projections

VR is hacking your field of view

Stereo 360-degree media

Having fun with photo globes

Seeing crystal balls

Rendering globes

Handling magic orbs

Viewing 360-degree photos

Viewing 360 images from the web

Adding an image viewer UI

Playing 360-degree videos

Using Unity skyboxes

Six-sided or cubemap skyboxes

Spherical panoramic skyboxes

360-degree video skyboxes

Capturing 360-degrees in Unity

Capturing cubemaps and reflection probes

Using third-party capture tools

Summary

Animation and VR Storytelling

Technical requirements

Composing our story

Gathering the assets

Creating the initial scene

Timelines and Audio tracks

Using a Timeline to activate objects

Recording an Animation Track

A growing tree

A growing bird

Using the Animation editor

A wafting nest

Animating other properties

Animating lights

Animating a scripted component property

Using Animation clips

Shaking an egg

Using Animator Controllers

ThirdPersonController Animator

Living Birds Animator

Defining the fly-to targets

Using Animator hashes and DOTween to animate

Using a Signal Track in Timeline

Making the story interactive

Look to play

Resetting the initial scene’s setup

Summary

Optimizing for Performance and Comfort

Technical requirements

Using the Unity Profiler and Stats windows

The Stats window

Overview of the Profiler window

Analyzing and diagnosing performance problems

Optimizing your art

Decimating models

Levels of detail

Optimizing your scene with static objects

Setting up the scene

Lighting and baking

Occlusion culling

Optimizing the rendering pipeline

Optimizing your code

Understanding the Unity life cycle

Writing efficient code

Runtime performance and debugging

Summary

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