Video Basics 8th Edition by Herbert Zettl 1109220747 9798214355849

Part I. Production: Processes and People

Chapter 1. Production Process

Production Model

Production Phases

Importance of Preproduction

Preproduction: Generating Ideas on Demand

Brainstorming

Clustering

Preproduction: From Idea to Script

Program Objective

Angle

Evaluation

Script

Preproduction: From Script to Production

Medium Requirements

Budget

Media Convergence

Digital Cinema and Video

Studio and Field Production

Main Points

Chapter 2. Production Team: Who Does What When?

Production Teams

Preproduction Team

Production Team

Postproduction Team

Passing the Buck

Taking and Sharing Responsibility

Production Schedule and Time Line

Crew Call

Production Workflow

Main Points

Part II. Image Creation: Digital Video and Camera

Chapter 3. Image Formation and Digital Video

Basic Image Formation: Video Raster

Color

Scanning

Video Raster Formats

Flat-Panel Displays

What Is Digital?

Digital Process

Analog and Digital Signals

Digital System

Compression and Codecs

Downloading and Streaming

Digital Process Restated

Analog Signal

Digital Signal and Quantizing

Sampling

Compression and Transport

Why Digital?

Main Points

Chapter 4. Video Camera

Basic Camera Function and Elements

Function

Lens

Beam Splitter and Sensor

Shutter

Video Signal Processing

Viewfinder and Monitor

Types of Cameras

Large Camcorders

Small Camcorders

Smartphones

ENG/EFP Cameras

Studio Cameras

DSLR Cameras

Digital Cinema Cameras

3D Camcorders

Main Points

Chapter 5. Operating the Camera

Basic Camera Movements

Pan

Camera Mounts and How to Use Them

Handheld and Shoulder-Mounted Camera

Tripod-Supported Camera

Studio Pedestal

Special Camera Mounts

Operational Features

Focusing

Shutter Speed

Zooming

White-Balancing

General Guidelines

Checklist: Camcorders and ENG/EFP Cameras

Checklist: Studio Cameras

Main Points

Chapter 6. Looking through the Viewfinder

Framing a Shot

Aspect Ratio

Field of View

Vectors

Composition

Psychological Closure

Manipulating Picture Depth

Defining the Z-Axis

Defining the 3D Z-Axes

3D Lens Separation and Convergence

Lenses and 2D Z-Axis Length

Lenses and Depth of Field

Lenses and Z-Axis Speed

Controlling Camera and Object Motion

Controlling Camera Movement and Zooms

Controlling Object Motion

Main Points

Part III. Image Creation: Sound, Light, Graphics, and Effects

Chapter 7. Audio and Sound Control

Sound Pickup Principle

Microphones

How Well Mics Hear: Sound Pickup

How Mics Are Made

How Mics Are Used

Sound Control

Manual Volume Control

Audio Mixer

Audio Console

Cables and Patch Panel

Sound Recording

Digital Audio Recorders

Optical Discs: CDs and DVDs

Audio Postproduction

Audio Postproduction Room

Automated Dialogue Replacement

Synthesized Sound

Sound Aesthetics

Context

Figure/Ground

Sound Perspective

Continuity

Energy and Mood

Main Points

Chapter 8. Light, Color, and Lighting

Light

Types of Light

Light Intensity

Measuring Illumination

Contrast

Shadows

Attached Shadows

Cast Shadows

Falloff

Color

Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing

Color Television Receiver and Generated Colors

Color Temperature and White-Balancing

Lighting Instruments

Spotlights

Floodlights

Special-Purpose Spotlights and Floodlights

Lighting Techniques

Operation of Lights

Checklist: Lighting Safety

Studio Lighting

Light Plot

Last-Minute Lighting Techniques

Field Lighting

Checklist: Field Lighting Guidelines

Main Points

Chapter 9. Graphics and Effects

Principles of Graphics

Aspect Ratio

Essential Area

Readability

Color

Animated Graphics

Style

Standard Electronic Video Effects

Superimposition

Key

Wipe

Digital Effects

Digital Image Manipulation Equipment

Common Digital Video Effects

Synthetic Image Creation

Main Points

Part IV. Image Control: Switching, Recording, and Editing

Chapter 10. Switcher and Switching

Production Switcher

Basic Switcher Functions

Switcher Layout

Program Bus

Preview Bus

Key Bus

Fader Bar and Auto-Transition

Delegation Controls

Switcher Operation

Working the Program Bus: Cuts-Only

Working the Mix Buses: Cuts

Working the Mix Buses: Dissolves

Working the Effects Bus: Wipes

Working the Key Bus: Keys

Working the Downstream Keyer

Chroma Keying

Special Effects

Automated Production Control

APC Function

Control Panels

Main Points

Chapter 11. Video Recording

Digital Recording Systems

Digital Recording

Recording and Storage Media

Digital Video Recorders

Video Stabilization

Video-Recording Process

Checklist: Before Video Recording

Checklist: During Video Recording

Checklist: After Video Recording

Main Points

Chapter 12. Digital Video Editing

Editing Principle and System Setup

Basic Editing Principle

Editing System Setup

Editing Interface

Checklist: Production Tips for Postproduction

Basic Editing Phases

Checklist: Postproduction Preparations

Pre-Edit Decision Making

Off-Line and On-Line Editing

Exporting to the Edit Master

Main Points

Chapter 13. Editing Principles

Editing Purpose

Editing Functions

Combine

Condense

Correct

Build

Aesthetic Principles of Continuity Editing

Mental Map

Vectors

On- and Off-Screen Positions

Cutting on Action

Aesthetic Principles of Complexity Editing

Intensifying an Event

Supplying Meaning

Main Points

Part V. Production Environment: Studio, Field, and Synthetic

Chapter 14. Production Environment: Studio

Video Production Studio

Physical Layout

Major Installations

Studio Control Room

Image Control

Sound Control

Master Control

Workflow and Quality Control

Content Ingest

Storage and Archiving

Studio Support Areas

Scenery and Property Storage

Makeup and Dressing Rooms

Scenery, Properties, and Set Dressings

Scenery

Properties

Set Dressings

Set Design

Process Message

Floor Plan

Prop List

Using the Floor Plan for Setup

Main Points

Chapter 15. Production Environment: Field and Synthetic

Electronic News Gathering

News Gathering

Transmission

Electronic Field Production

Preproduction: Remote Survey

Production: Outdoors and Indoors

Checklist: Field Production Equipment

Postproduction: Wrap-Up

Big Remotes

Synthetic Environments

Computer-Generated Settings

Computer-Generated Environments

Computer-Controlled Environments

Main Points

Part VI. Production Control: Talent and Directing

Chapter 16. Talent, Clothing, and Makeup

Performing Techniques

Performer and Camera

Audio and Lighting

Timing and Prompting

Acting Techniques

Environment and Audience

Close-Ups

Repeating Action

Auditions

Clothing

Texture and Detail

Color

Makeup

Technical Requirements

Materials

Main Points

Chapter 17. Putting It All Together: Directing

Script Formats

Fact, or Rundown, Sheet

News Script

Two-Column A/V Script

Single-Column Drama Script

Visualization

Image

Preparing for a Multicamera Studio Production

Reading the Floor Plan

Control Room Directing

Terminology

Time Line

Rehearsals

Directing the Multicamera Show

Single-Camera Directing

Major Differences

Single-Camera Studio Directing

Single-Camera Field Production